Comparative Analysis of the Recent Financial Crisis' Impact on the Retail Electronic Commerce in the European Union in the USA and in Poland

The aim of this article is to compare and assess the impact of the recent financial crisis on the retail electronic commerce in the economies of the European Union, the USA and Poland. Therefore the selected data from the biggest international companies connected with the retail electronic commerce from the years 2007 and 2008 in comparison to the previous year, and the selected economic data from the economies of the USA, the European Union and Poland till the year 2009, concerning the utilization and value of the electronic commerce trade and the number of people doing shopping online, and conclusions drawn from the analyses of those data are presented and discussed.Celem artykułu jest porównanie oraz ocenienie wpływu ostatniego kryzysu finansowego na detaliczny handel elektroniczny w gospodarkach Unii Europejskiej, Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz Polski. W tym celu wybrane dane z największych międzynarodowych firm związanych z detalicznym handlem elektronicznym z lat 2007 i 2008 w porównaniu do roku poprzedniego oraz wybrane dane ekonomiczne z gospodarek Stanów Zjednoczonych, Unii Europejskiej i Polski do roku 2009, dotyczące wykorzystatnia oraz wartości detalicznego handlu elektronicznego i liczby ludzi korzystających z zakupów internetowych oraz wnioski wyciągnięte z analiz tych danych są zaprezentowane i omówione

Market Analysis of Textile Products Protecting Against UV Radiation (Used for Equipping Interiors, Construction and in Protective Clothing)

The aim of this article is to present the results of our analysis of the European market in the field of protective textile products, based on the EUROSTAT database and our own research. The market volumes of curtains and inner roller blinds, marquees and anti-solar curtains, male clothing accessories and female clothing accessories are presented and analyzed. Initial research of supply and demand in the Polish market of textile products protecting against UV radiation is also presented and discussed.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników analizy rynku europejskiego w obszarze tekstyliów ochronnych opartej na bazie danych EUROSTAT. Zaprezentowane i przeanalizowane są wolumeny rynkowe zasłon i rolet wewnętrznych, markiz i zasłon przeciwsłonecznych oraz damskich i męskich dodatków odzieżowych. Przedstawione i omówione jest także wstępne badanie popytu i podaży na polskim rynku produktów tekstylnych chroniących przed promieniowaniem UV

Comparative Analysis Of The Utilisation Of Electronic Commerce And Business In Polish E-shops In The Years 2009-2011

The aim of the article is to present the results of research concerning the utilisation of different aspects of electronic commerce and business in Polish e-shops, based on a number of comparative analyses performed for the years 2009-2011. Some of the presented data concern also the year 2008. The most important aspects covered by the analyses are: international trade and exports of Polish e-shops, marketing aspects of online businesses, the infrastructure and safety of Polish e-shops, their financial results, and also actions planned in order to minimise the effects of the economic crisis. The main conclusions drawn from these analyses, as well as predictions for the future for the Polish e-market, are also presented.Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wyników badań dotyczących wykorzystania różnych aspektów handlu i biznesu elektronicznego w polskich e-sklepach oraz ich komparatywnej analizy wykonanej dla lat 2009-2011. Niektóre zaprezentowane dane dotyczą także roku 2008. Najważniejsze aspekty poruszane w analizach to: międzynarodowy handel i eksport polskich sklepów internetowych, aspekty marketingowe biznesu internetowego, infrastruktura i bezpieczeństwo polskich e-sklepów oraz ich wyniki finansowe, a także działania, które są planowane w celu zminimalizowania skutków kryzysu gospodarczego. W artykule zaprezentowane są również wnioski z wykonanych analiz oraz przewidywania na przyszłość dotyczące polskiego e-rynku

Zmiany w polskim sektorze tekstylno-odzieżowym w warunkach pandemii COVID-19 w świetle polityk UE i jego perspektywy na przyszłość

W niniejszym rozdziale zaprezentowane oraz przeanalizowane są najnowsze dostępne dane dotyczące sektora tekstylno-odzieżowego w Polsce i Unii Europejskiej, a także perspektywy jego rozwoju w świetle wpływu na niego pandemii COVID-19 oraz obecnych polityk UE, dotyczących między innymi gospodarki o obiegu zamkniętym, cyfryzacji, czy szerzej przemysłu 4.0. Podjęta jest w nim również próba bardzo wstępnego określenia wpływu, jaki na sektor T-O może mieć tocząca się obecnie wojna w Ukrainie

The influence of the keywords selection method on the effectiveness of the web pages classification using the boosting algorithm

The paper concerns the issues of web pages analysis process. The classification is performed based on the analysis of the structure as well content of pages. Various characteristics are taken into account including inter alia, structural, visual, text, web and links features. During the construction of classifiers the AdaBoost algorithm was applied. This paper focuses on the impact of keyword selection methods on the effectiveness of the classification process

Chronotopos monasticus : the medieval clock and the rhythm of monastic life at the Mogiła Abbey near Krakow = Średniowieczny zegar i rytm monastycznego życia w klasztorze w Mogile koło Krakowa

Praca recenzowana / Peer-reviewed paperW ramach projektu badawczego „Architektura zakonów mniszych i mendykanckich w wieku XIII i XIV”, nr WAiSP/DS/3/201

Effects of chronic stress on the brain – the evidence from morphological examinations of hippocampus in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats

Sekita-Krzak Joanna, Żebrowska-Łupina Iwona, Łupina Tomasz, Czajkowski Leszek, Cichacz-Kwiatkowska Beata, Robaczewska Joanna. Effects of chronic stress on the brain – the evidence from morphological examinations of hippocampus in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2016;6(12):384-399. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.203269 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4068 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 754 (09.12.2016). 754 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Author (s) 2016; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.12.2016. Revised 12.12.2016. Accepted: 14.12.2016. Effects of chronic stress on the brain – the evidence from morphological examinations of hippocampus in a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats Joanna Sekita-Krzak1, Iwona Żebrowska-Łupina2, Tomasz Łupina3, Leszek Czajkowski2, Beata Cichacz-Kwiatkowska1, Joanna Robaczewska4 1 Department of Histology and Embryology with the Lab of Experimental Cytology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland 2 Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland 3 Department of Pulmonology, Oncology and Allergology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland 4 Department of Public Health, Collegium Medicum UMK, Poland Abstract Background. Chronic stress exposure deteriorates memory and increases the risk of psychiatric disorders, including depression. Objectives. The objective of this study was to perform morphological studies in experimental model of neuropsychiatric disorder and to assess histologically the effect of chronic unpredictable stress procedure (CUS) influence on hippocampus. Material and methods. Chronic unpredictable stress procedure (CUS) was applied for 8 weeks in rats by the modified method described by Katz et al. Experimental model of neuropsychiatric disorder was used based on morphological studies of hippocampal formation. Results. Stress-induced alterations were observed in the hippocampus. Nerve cell changes included neuron shrinkage and dendritic remodeling. The most vulnerable hippocampal cells to chronic stress were CA3 and CA4 pyramidal neurons. In dentate gyrus chronic stress led to granule neuron shrinkage and slight exacerbation of apoptosis in the polygonal cell layer. CUS led to statistically significant changes in quantitative characteristics of the CA3 and CA4 neuron size and nuclei diameter. Conclusions. Chronic stress induces degeneration of hippocampal neurons. The observed neuronal changes indicate the damage of the neurons did not involve neither apoptosis nor necrosis Similarity between histological changes obtained in 8-week long CUS procedure applied in our research and morphological changes described in depressed patients confirms the usefulness of the applied stress procedure as the experimental model of depression. Key words: stress, depression, hippocampus, chronic unpredictable stress procedure (CUS), animal model, morphology

Effective Optical Properties of Inhomogeneously Distributed Nanoobjects in Strong Field Gradients of Nanoplasmonic Sensors

Accurate and efficient modeling of discontinuous, randomly distributed entities is a computationally challenging task, especially in the presence of large and inhomogeneous electric near-fields of plasmons. Simultaneously, the anisotropy of sensed entities and their overlap with inhomogeneous fields means that typical effective medium approaches may fail at describing their optical properties. Here, we extend the Maxwell Garnett mixing formula to overcome this limitation by introducing a gradient within the effective medium description of inhomogeneous nanoparticle layers. The effective medium layer is divided into slices with a varying volume fraction of the inclusions and, consequently, a spatially varying effective permittivity. This preserves the interplay between an anisotropic particle distribution and an inhomogeneous electric field and enables more accurate predictions than with a single effective layer. We demonstrate the usefulness of the gradient effective medium in FDTD modeling of indirect plasmonic sensing of nanoparticle sintering. First of all, it yields accurate results significantly faster than with explicitly modeled nanoparticles. Moreover, by employing the gradient effective medium approach, we prove that the detected signal is proportional to not only the nanoparticle size but also its size dispersion and potentially shape. This implies that the simple volume fraction parameter is insufficient to properly homogenize these types of nanoparticle layers and that in order to quantify optically the state of the layer more than one independent measurement should be carried out. These findings extend beyond nanoparticle sintering and could be useful in analysis of average signals in both plasmonic and dielectric systems to unveil dynamic changes in exosomes or polymer brushes, phase changes of nanoparticles, or quantifying light absorption in plasmon assisted catalysis